Uterine polyps are growths of non-cancerous tissue that extend into the uterus cavity. These polyps can develop spontaneously or due to elevated hormone levels of oestrogen. However, the precise reason is not entirely known. Polyps tend to grow more rapidly during pregnancy or when using oral contraceptives or oestrogen replacement therapy. While most uterine polyps are benign, those appearing in women during or after menopause could be cancerous.
Uterine polyps are more prevalent among women aged 40 to 50. Yet, they can occasionally occur in younger women, even those under 20. Risk factors for uterine polyps include obesity, uncontrolled hypertension, and certain medications used in breast cancer treatment.
Uterine Polyps: Symptoms and Causes
Uterine polyps form as soft, small, red growths within the uterine lining (endometrium) or around the cervix rather than being caused by other issues. Their size can range from a few millimetres to centimetres in diameter. Also, they are often flat against the uterine wall, attached by a short stalk known as a pedicle. In some cases, the pedicle can be long enough for the polyp to extend beyond the cervix into the vagina.
Bleeding irregularities during menstruation or post-coital bleeding may be attributed to these polyps if they are prone to bleeding. Polyps located near the fallopian tubes can cause fertility problems by blocking the openings. They can develop both before and after menopause and, in rare cases, may be cancerous. The exact cause of uterine polyps remains unclear, though factors such as elevated oestrogen levels, chronic inflammation of reproductive organs, and blocked blood vessels can play a prominent role.
Uterine Polyps: Diagnosis
To diagnose uterine polyps, doctors review your medical history and symptoms. They may also conduct various diagnostic tests such as:
Transvaginal ultrasound
The phrase “ultrasound” describes sound waves with a frequency higher than the human ear can detect. In gynaecology, the most widely used sonographic technique for detecting endometrial polyps is ultrasound imaging.
Sonohysterography
Sonohysterography is a procedure that involves injecting fluid into the uterine cavity before conducting an ultrasound. It is highly effective for evaluating polyps in women experiencing abnormal uterine bleeding. However, in clinical practice in the United Kingdom, the direct use of real-time transvaginal ultrasound without fluid instillation remains the preferred initial investigative approach for such cases. This method offers a non-invasive means to assess uterine health and identify issues like polyps, providing valuable insights for clinicians treating women with abnormal bleeding.
Hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopy is a procedure where a thin telescope is inserted into the uterine cavity to allow your gynaecologist to examine the inner lining. During a hysteroscopic examination, gynaecologists can remove polyps simultaneously. Any tissue removed is sent to a laboratory for histological examination to confirm the diagnosis and exclude other abnormalities. This process ensures an evaluation and appropriate management of endometrial polyps.
If small polyps are asymptomatic and not causing issues, they may not require instantaneous removal. However, monitor them every six months to track any changes. On the other hand, if uterine polyps are causing pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, infertility, or if there’s a history of miscarriage, your gynaecologist in London may recommend a polypectomy (removal of the polyps). This procedure is often performed in the doctor’s office using hysteroscopy. During hysteroscopy, a thin rod equipped with a video camera and light (hysteroscope) is inserted through the vagina and cervix to locate and excise the polyps with small scissors.
For enormous polyps, gynaecologists typically recommend surgical removal in a hospital setting under general anaesthesia. It involves laparoscopy combined with hysteroscopy. Laparoscopy entails inserting a laparoscope (a long rigid tube with a camera and light) through a small incision near the belly button. Then, special surgical instruments are passed through the laparoscope for the polyp removal.
Effective diagnosis and polyp uterus treatment in London are crucial in managing symptoms and improving overall reproductive health. If you suspect you have uterine polyps or are experiencing related symptoms, consult with your healthcare provider for proper evaluation and guidance.
Uterine Polyps: Treatment
Research indicates that removing polyps (polypectomy) can improve symptoms in 75 to 100 percent of patients.
The most effective way to remove endometrial polyps is through hysteroscopy. Gynaecologists can often remove the polyps visible near the cervix during a routine clinical examination.
After removal, endometrial or cervical polyps may return. But further treatment in the future is uncommon in such cases.
If your polyp isn’t causing discomfort, you can wait and monitor it with a follow-up ultrasound in a few months. Your private gynaecologist in London will assist you in deciding the best course of action.
My Final Verdict
This comprehensive guide has highlighted some aspects of polyps, from their causes to symptoms and treatment options. In London, advanced medical facilities offer state-of-the-art diagnostic tools such as ultrasound scans, sonohysterography, and hysteroscopy to identify and assess polyps. From small polyps treatment to minimally invasive outpatient procedures for polyp removal, patients have access to tailored care. The removal process is generally painless, with minimal discomfort post-procedure.
Remember, if you have any concerns or require further information, don’t hesitate to book an appointment with a trusted healthcare provider.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1) What Causes Polyps?
While the exact cause remains unknown, polyps tend to develop when there is an excess of the hormone oestrogen in the body.
Q2) Are Polyps Dangerous?
Typically, polyps are non-cancerous (benign) growths. However, some can be cancerous or have the potential to become cancerous over time.
Q3) What Are the Symptoms of Polyps?
Polyps often go unnoticed as they frequently don’t cause symptoms and are discovered incidentally during routine ultrasounds. However, symptoms may manifest as irregular menstrual bleeding—unpredictable in timing, length, and heaviness. Additionally, bleeding between periods or heavy menstrual bleeding could occur. Postmenopausal women may experience vaginal bleeding due to polyps.
Q4) How Are Polyps Diagnosed?
Gynaecologists can often identify polyps via ultrasound scans. Further confirmation may require sonohysterography, where fluid is introduced into the uterus for a clearer view, or direct visualisation during a hysteroscopy.
Q5) Do Polyps Need to Be Removed?
Small polyps (<1cm) might resolve themselves and can be managed expectantly. However, removal is advisable for symptomatic women, postmenopausal individuals, or those with fertility concerns.
Q6) How Are Polyps Removed?
You can remove cervical polyps in an outpatient clinic setting. The procedure is generally painless, with mild discomfort similar to period cramps afterwards. Avoid sexual intercourse for 24-48 hours post-procedure.
Q7) What Are the Benefits of Polyp Removal?
Removing polyps can alleviate symptoms such as mid-cycle or post-coital bleeding and may reduce abnormal discharge. Moreover, it diminishes the risk of potential cancer development.
Q8) Is Polyp Removal Painful?
The removal process is straightforward and typically painless. You might experience mild discomfort similar to menstrual cramps post-procedure.
