Infections of the urinary tract can affect any part of the body’s urinary system. Most commonly they occur in the bladder but in severe cases can spread to the kidneys, leading to acute renal failure and even death if left untreated (1). Though you may be used to taking precautions against urinary tract infections (UTIs), you may not be aware that these precautions don’t necessarily help when it comes to preventing the spread of UTIs to your kidneys.
Bladder Infections (cystitis):
A bladder infection, or cystitis as it’s also known, is an infection of one or both kidneys. It usually involves pain in your lower abdomen that can be similar to menstrual cramps. Usually, UTIs are caused by bacteria entering your body via your urethra—the tube that carries urine out of your body. The most common reason for getting a UTI is sexual intercourse but it’s also common during pregnancy when you have to urinate more frequently and while you’re taking medication like antibiotics. Symptoms of a UTI include an increased need to pee more frequently and pain when peeing with burning sensations upon urination. Getting frequent UTIs isn’t normal so if you experience these symptoms speak with a doctor as soon as possible.
Kidney Infections (pyelonephritis):
While UTIs may cause discomfort in any part of your urinary tract, they can be particularly severe and even life-threatening if they spread up into your kidneys. This happens when bacteria enter one of your kidneys through its ureters—the tubes that lead urine out of each kidney. If you’ve ever had a kidney infection you know it is incredibly painful; so if you have pain in your side accompanied by fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting go to an emergency room right away. Treatments for kidney infections are more invasive than those for bladder infections. They include intravenous antibiotics and, sometimes, surgery depending on where exactly the infection is located and how severe it is.
Other Possible Urinary Problems:
UTIs can also affect other parts of your urinary system. If you have burning or pain when you pee, it could be a sign of a more serious condition like interstitial cystitis. UTIs can also lead to more rare problems, including kidney infections. If you have an infection in your kidneys, it’s important that you get treatment right away because left untreated, these infections can damage them. People who already have kidney disease or diabetes may be at risk for developing a dangerous infection if they develop a UTI.
